Policyholder

The policyholder is the one who proposes the purchase of the life insurance policy and pays the premium The policyholder is the owner of the policy and s/he may or may not be the life assured.

Life assured

Life assured is the insured person. Life assured is the one for whom the life insurance plan is purchased to cover the risk of untimely death.
Life assured may or may not be the policyholder. For instance, a husband buys a life insurance plan for his wife. As the wife is a homemaker, husband pays the premium, thus the husband is the policyholder, and wife is the life assured.

Sum assured (cover)

Life insurance is meant to provide a life cover to the insured.
Sum Assured’ is the term used for an amount that the insurer agrees to pay on death of the insured person or occurrence of any other insured event, as per terms of the policy.
The sum assured is chosen by the policyholder at the time of purchase.

Nominee

The ‘nominee’ is the person nominated by the policyholder to whom the sum assured and other benefits will be paid by the life insurance company in case of an unfortunate death. The nominee could be the wife, child, parents, etc. of the policyholder. The nominee needs to claim life insurance, if the life assured dies during the policy term.
The nomination is to be done at the time of taking the policy. He can change the nomination at any point of time during his life time. When nominee is a minor, it shall be lawful for the policy-holder to appoint an appointee in the prescribed manner any person to receive the money secured by the policy in the event of his death during the minority of the nominee. Now there is a new concept called beneficial nominee as per IRDA.
In the new insurance law, if an immediate family member such as spouse is made the nominee, then the death benefit will be paid to that person and other legal heirs will not have a claim on the money. This is good because it makes the nomination process more meaningful and clear. A policyholder knows that the immediate family member nominated by him will get the benefit. This will be applicable for all insurances that have a maturity date after March 2015

Policy term

The ‘policy term’ is the duration for which the policy provides life insurance coverage. The policy term can be any period ranging from 1 year to 100 years or whole life, depending on the type of life insurance plan and its terms and conditions. Many a times, it is also referred to as policy term or policy duration.
The policy tenure decides for how long the company is providing the risk coverage. However, in the case of whole life insurance plans, the life coverage is till the time life assured is alive.

Maturity age

Maturity age is the age of the life assured at which the policy ends or terminates. This is similar to policy term, but a different way to say how long the plan will be in force. Basically, the life insurance company declares up front the maximum age till which the life insurance coverage will be provided to the life insured..

Premium

The premium is the amount you pay to keep the life insurance plan in force and enjoy continued insurance cover. There are various options on how you can pay the premium – regular payment, limited payment term, single payment.

Premium payment term/mode/ frequency

You can pay the life insurance premium as per your convenience.
Regular Premium Payment - premium can be paid regularly throughout the policy term, monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or yearly.
Limited Premium Payment – You can choose to pay the premiums for a limited period of time. In this option, you do not pay till the end of the policy term, but for a certain pre-fixed number of years. For example, 10 years, 15 years, 20 years, and so on.
Single Premium Payment – You can also choose to pay the premium for the entire duration of the plan as a lumpsum in one single go.

Riders

Riders are the additional optional features that enhance the base policy coverage. There are many riders that you can attach to your base term plan. Most companies also offer a few riders as an in-built feature of a term plan. Before buying a term insurance plan, one must see that rider is available as an in-built feature in the same or as an add-on to the policy.
On paying a small amount of additional premium, you can opt for such riders. These riders are highly beneficial as they come with their own standalone coverage amount
For instance, if the life assured dies due to a road accident, under a standard term plan only the death benefit will be paid to the nominee. But, if there’s an Accidental Death Benefit Rider attached to the base term policy, the insurance company will pay the death benefit plus the rider benefit attached to the accidental death benefit rider.

Death Benefit

The ‘Death Benefit’ is what life insurance company pays to the nominee in case the life assured dies during the term of the policy. The sum assured along with the bonus if any would be paid.

Survival/Maturity Benefit

Maturity benefit is the amount that the life insurance company pays when the life assured outlives the policy term. Maturity benefit is sum assured plus accrued bonus and terminal bonus. Survival benefit is paid when the life assured completes the pre-defined number of years under the policy.
There is no survival or maturity benefit in term plans. However, in other life insurance policies you may find survival benefit or the maturity benefit paid under the plan.

Free-look Period

It is applicable to all new life insurance policies purchased. Free-look period is a time frame during which one may choose to cancel the purchased policy.
If you are not comfortable with the terms and conditions, you can return the policy within the Free-look period. The insurance company will cancel the policy after deducting the expenses incurred on medical examination, stamp duty charges and other charges will refund the remaining premium.
IRDA specifies free-look period in life insurance is 15 days after receiving the policy document.

Grace Period

If the policyholder decides to discontinue the plan before the maturity age, the life insurance company pays certain percentage amount to the policyholder, this is called Surrender Value provided premiums are paid at least for three years. Not all life insurance plans have surrender value.

Revival Period

IIf the policyholder does not pay the premium during the grace period, the policy lapses.
However, if the policyholder still wants to continue, the insurance company provides an option of re-activating the lapsed policy. This is called revival of lapsed policy. Lapsed policy can not be revived after five years from the date of first unpaid premium. The revival will be done after obtaining evidence of health and certain underwriting requirements.

Underwriters

Underwriters evaluate the risk involved in insurance. It is a process of risk evaluation before the issuance of insurance policy. The underwriter decides whether to undertake the risk or not. Only with the approval of Underwriters, policy is issued to the policyholder.

Tax benefits

All the premiums paid towards the life insurance plan are eligible for deductions under Section 80 (C) of Income Tax Act, 1961. The maximum amount that one can claim as deductible is Rs.1.5 lakh.
The benefits paid to the policyholder/nominee are tax-free under Section 10 (10D) of Income Tax Act, 1961.

Exclusions

Before you buy any life insurance, read ‘Exclusions’ carefully. These are things that are not covered under a life insurance policy, and against which if claimed, insurance company wouldn’t pay any benefit.
For instance, Suicide, is an exclusion in any life insurance plan.

Premium waiver benefit

This is a rider applicable in child plans. During the term of the policy if the policy holder (mother or father) dies, the insurer pays the sum assured immediately, and future premiums are paid by the insurance company as and when they fall due

Assignment

Assignment of a life insurance policy means transfer of rights from one person to another. You can transfer the rights on your insurance policy to another person / entity for various reasons. This process is referred to as ‘Assignment
The person who assigns the insurance policy is called the Assignor (policyholder) and the one to whom the policy has been assigned, i.e. the person to whom the policy rights have been transferred is called the Assignee.

Double Accident Benefit

On payment of some extra premium, most insurers offer to pay double the sum insured, if the insured dies in an accident. The benefit is popularly known as ‘Double Accident Benefit’. In order to be eligible for this benefit, the death must be caused directly and independently of all other causes, by an accidental bodily injury. Another condition that has to be met is that death must follow within a specified period of the injury, which is typically 90-180 days. Usually, the compensation due to this benefit is subject to an upper limit which is stated in the policy.

SEC 6 MWP Act

Under this act, Section 6 highlights it’s importance: "a policy of insurance effected by any married man on his own life and expressed on the face of it to be for the benefit of his wife, or of his wife and children, or any of them, shall ensure and be deemed to be a trust for the benefit of his wife, or of his wife and children, or any of them according to the interests so expressed, and shall not, so long as any object of the trust remains, be subject to the control of the husband, or to his creditors, or form part of his estate."

Act only Policy (Third Party Insurance)

Covers only legal liability for the damage caused to a third party bodily injury, death and damage to property while using the vehicle. Third-party insurance is compulsory for all vehicle-owners as per the Motor Vehicles Act. It does not pay for repair of damage to the vehicle.

Acts of God

Any event that occurs outside of human control and that can't be predicted or prevented. Examples: Earthquakes, floods etc.

Add on covers

By paying little extra premium, you can avail some additional benefits under the Policy. These additional covers are called add on covers and are optional.

Agreed Value Policy

An insurance contract under which the insurer agrees to pay the insured a stated amount in the event of the total loss of the property insured without any adjustment for depreciation or appreciation.

Air freight

Air freight allows the transport of goods quickly by air.

All risk Insurance

Offers coverage and protection from all risks or perils that could damage the property except those risks which are specifically excluded.

Assignment

Is a Process that allows the transfer ownership rights of your policy to a third party.

Average

A condition set by an insurer that a claim for damage or loss will be paid in proportion to the value insured.

Defence Costs

Refer to all the costs of defending a lawsuit. These expenses include the cost of hiring a lawyer, court fees, investigations, gathering facts, filing legal paperwork etc.

Director

A person from a group of managers who leads or supervises a particular area of a company.

Errors & Omissions

A form of insurance that protects the insured against liability for committing an error or omission in performance of their professional duties.

Exclusion

Is a policy provision that eliminates coverage for some types of risks which the insurer is unwilling to insure.

Fidelity guarantee

A type of insurance that will protect a business owner or employer from any loss due to employee dishonesty like theft of money, property, forgery or fraud etc.

Hull & Machinery

Hull & Machinery insurance provides cover for loss or damage to the hull of a ship & also propulsion machinery and equipment.

Indemnity

Means compensation against loss or damage. The principle of indemnity ensures that an insured is not compensated by the Insurer in excess of the insured's economic loss.

Insurable Interest

An insurable interest is an object which, if damaged or destroyed, would result in financial loss to the owner. Insurable interest is an essential requirement for issuing an insurance policy People not subject to financial loss do not have an insurable interest.

Insurer

A company that underwrites an insurance risk; the party in an insurance contract undertaking to pay compensation.

Day care Procedures

Certain treatments do not require Hospitalization because of technological advancements. Day care procedures include such treatments, and are covered by health insurance Policies.

Period of Indemnity

The time period for which indemnity or compensation is payable under a business interruption policy.

Institute replacement clause

If there is an admissible claim of an Insured Machine under the Marine Policy, the sum payable shall not be exceed the cost of replacement or repair of such Part Plus charges for forwarding and refitting if incurred.

Larceny

unlawful taking and carrying away of the property of another person, with the intent to permanently deprive them of its use.

Institute classification clause

Under this act, Section 6 highlights it’s importance: "a policy of insurance effected by any married man on his own life and expressed on the face of it to be for the benefit of his wife, or of his wife and children, or any of them, shall ensure and be deemed to be a trust for the benefit of his wife, or of his wife and children, or any of them according to the interests so expressed, and shall not, so long as any object of the trust remains, be subject to the control of the husband, or to his creditors, or form part of his estate."

Institute war clause

loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by war civil war revolution insurrection, or civil strife arising therefrom etc."

General Average

Covers general average and salvage charges, adjusted or determined according to the contract of affreightment and/or the governing law and practice, incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from a risk covered under.

Larceny

unlawful taking and carrying away of the property of another person, with the intent to permanently deprive them of its use.

Package policy

This covers loss/ damage to the vehicle insured (own damage) along with third party liability cover which includes bodily injury and/or death and property damage, personal accident cover for owner driver.

Per bottom Limit, Per Conveyance / Per Vessel limit

The maximum amount for which an insurer will be liable in the event of a claim event whilst the goods are in the ordinary course of transit..

Permanent total disability (PTD)

Permanent total disability (PTD) is a condition in which an individual is no longer able to work due to injuries

Personal Liability

An obligation to pay money to another party arising from a legal action.

Piracy

the act of attacking ships in order to steal from them

Policy excess

Is the amount you have to pay if you make a claim on your policy. The amount of the excess is specified in your policy

Retroactive Period

Period of time that occurs before a policy's retroactive date, which is the day that the policy starts providing coverage for admissible claims. It is a period of time during which an insurance company will not provide coverage for claims.

Slander

The action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

Spontaneous Combustion

The ignition of organic matter (e.g. hay or coal) without apparent cause, typically through heat generated internally by rapid oxidation.

Statutory Liability

A responsibility imposed on an individual or business by a law.

Subrogation

Term used to describe a legal right the insurance company to legally pursue a third-party responsible for the damages caused to the insured.

Surrounding Property

Any property located on, or adjacent to, the construction site, which is held in custody or control by the Contractor. Loss or damage to property located on or adjacent to the site and belonging to or held in care, custody or control of the principal(s) or the contractor(s) shall only be covered if occurring in direct connection with the erection, construction or testing of the items insured and happening during the period of cover. This cover does not apply to construction / erection machinery and construction or erection plant and equipment

Temporary total disability

An injury that does not result in death or permanent disability, but makes the injured person unable to perform regular duties or activities.

Third Party legal liability

It covers legal liability for the damage caused to a third party bodily injury, death and party property

Time excess

A deductible provision used in business interruption Policies. The insurer is not responsible for loss suffered during a specified period immediately following a direct damage loss.

Under Insurance

Refers to a situation in which the sum insured is lower than the value of the insured property. In the case of a loss, compensation will be in proportion to the underinsurance.

Warranty

Written pledge by the insured that a specified condition exists or does not exist. Breach of warranty entitles the insurer to treat the insurance contract as void even if the actual loss is unaffected by the breach.